Table 2 Review of the characters noted from older literature of Thysanozoon brocchii

Tergipes brocchii Risso, 1818

Oval, oblong, tubercles on the dorsal surface; tentacles ear shaped

Dorsal: violet brown;

Papillae: white dots at the end of the tubercles

Ventral: transparent

small, black

Under stones

Nice sea, France and Naples, Italy

Original description

Quatrefages, 1845

Elliptical, raised medially

Papillae: dense in the middle surface and scarce towards margin longitudinal mid-line papillae are fusiform and longer; small tubers towards margin

Size: 16 mm × 8-9 mm

Dorsal: yellowish-brown reddish; purple pigments

Papillae: brown reddish with yellowish white tip

Margin: dark brown ends with white line

Cerebral area is colourless triangular portion between pseudotentacles

CE: two groups 20–25; 5–6

PE: 5–6 smaller eyes near the edges of the pseudotentacles Ventral- 5-6 eyes placed on each tentacle; line of 7–8 large eyespots

Naples, Italy

-

Diesing, 1850

Elongated plane

Papillae: fusiform

Tentacles- thick and tuberculate

Dorsal: yellowish

Margin: white-blue

Papillae: red-brown to black -blue

Beneath, above and at the base of the tentacles

In rocks

Nice Sea; Toulouse

-

Lang, 1884

Compressed, broadly oval, oblong

Dorsal: papillate (tubers or tubes)

Papillae: bulgy at the base and tapers further; small and sparse in the longitudinal and transverse midline

Pseudotentacles: Bead shaped, sharp

Dorsal: dark brown-violet with white margin; lighter than the papillae

Papillae: whitish spots on the darker papillae, lighter in transverse and longitudinal bands, pore at the tip might be the intestinal diverticulum leading outside

Pseudotentacles: Whitish grey or dark brown-black with light colour spots

Cerebral area is lighter and clearly demarcated within pseudotentacular area

Ventral: dirty gray-blue-brownish or yellowish

CE: Horseshoe shape

PE: two roundish groups each on either side of mid-line

shallow water in

association with ascidian and sabellids,

Naples and coast of Posilipo, Italy

wide variations observed within same individuals for various characters (papillae shape, number, colour and size vary greatly),

Eolidiceros panormus is young specimen of T. brochii; sexual maturation occurs at different size

Yeri and Kaburaki, 1916

Broadly Oval, frilled margin

Size: 35 mm × 21 mm

Papillae: slender-conical, all over the dorsal surface, longer in the mid region; smaller and sparse towards the margin

Dorsal: purplish gray or yellowish purple, yellowish-whitish; longitudinal median stripe

Papillae: dark gray with purple tint, base colourless, few with whitish tip

Some specimens with whitish papillae forming transverse line

Ventral: Lighter and comparatively darker at the margin

CE: two clusters above the brain in colourless area

PE: numerous

Misaki and Matsuwa, Japan

Internal anatomy same as Mediterranean specimens,

intestinal branches extending in to the papillae

Palombi, 1928

Flatten with free wavy margin

Dorsal: surface chestnut brown except for the marginal area, space between the pseudotentacles lighter

CE: two clusters placed centrally within colourless area

PE: irregular arrangement

ventral: present within each pseudotentacles

two groups of eye clusters, further adjoining row of eyes run along the anterior margin

Suez Canal

Specimen observed matches Lang’s description of T. brochii.

T. dissingii Grube, 1840 can be considered as T. brochii

Pearse, 1938

Dorsal: Papillate

Size: 28-33 × 8-12 mm

Dorsal: cream with light yellow reticulum, black pigmentation, median longitudinal dark stripe with light line through it, anterior tentacular region blackish with unpigmented cerebral patch containing eyespots

Papillae: light brown

Papillae: purplish-brown become light brown towards margin, some with white spots and dark tips and forms ‘T’

Margin: brown-purple redial bands

-

Eel grass, Crooked Island, near Florida

Three colour morphs were collected, immature specimens

Palombi, 1939

-

-

-

Shelley beach (East London) South Africa

compare with Palombi, 1938 and Kato’s Japanese specimen and mentioned cosmopolitan distribution

Kato, 1944

Size: 50–60 mm

Dorsal: Brown colour

Papillae: brown with whitish yellow especially at median line and spread otherwise

Margin: bluish

-

Misaki, Susaki near Simoda, Sugasima, Sima, Seto- Japan

gives cross section of male reproductive system and papillae showing intestinal branch

Hyman, 1952

-

Dorsal: purplish maroon

Papillae: brown some with white spots

Margin: white spots

-

Under stones county causeway/Biscayne Bay; Florida

immature specimen thus not sectioned for reproductive histology however, intestinal branches going to papillae is observed uncertainty about the identification

Marcus & Marcus, 1968

Dorsal: Papillate, scares towards margin

Size: 15 mm × 5 mm and 24 mm × 16 mm

Dorsal: papillae are darker and become lighter towards the margin, white spots on the papillae

-

Algae and mangroves from Piscadera bay, Curacao and Florida

Broader cement pouches resulting in complex female antrum can be considered as usual intraspecific variation thus T. lagidium can be merged with T. brocchii.

Review of Lang,1884; Marcus, 1949 and Pearse, 1938 and Hyman, 1952 descriptions were made

Vera et al. 2008

elongated

Dorsal: darker to light brown ground colour, mid-dorsal longitudinal line and perpendicular white line forming cross

-

Canary Islands (Eastern Atlantic Ocean)

active swimmer

compared with Quiroga et al. 2004 Thysanozoon cf. lagidum from Colombia

Brusa et al. 2009

Oval, papillate, slightly undulated margins

Papillae:

Mid-line papillae are longer and decreases towards the periphery

Pseudotentacles: pointed ear like

Size: 25 mm × 15 mm

Dorsal: yellowish brown,

margin with discontinuous black line

Pseudotentacles: dark brown with white tip

CE: Horseshoe shape

PE: four dorsal and two ventral clusters

Puerto Pirámides and Puerto Madryn, Argentina

Followed the Marcus and Marcus, 1968 and considered the T. lagidium as synonym of T. brocchii

Bulnes et al. 2011

Oval

Pseudotentacles: enlarged distally and no pigmentation

Papillae: big bulky conical, longer and dense around dorsal bulge; declines towards margin (length and number); no papillae on the margin

Size: 26 mm × 15 mm

Dorsal: overall light brown but yellowish brown in the central became transparent towards margin; round black spots over the surface especially towards margin

CE: two separated triangular clusters

\TE: numerous single row dorsally

Ventral: scattered

In mussel and ascidians community Mar del Plata harbour, Argentina

Hypothesised papillae on surface for gas exchange and digestion as also mentioned by Prodhoe.

Bahia et al., 2012

Oval, elongated

Size: 12-17 mm × 10-14 mm

Papillae: dorsal surface with smaller towards the margin

Pseudotentacles: ear like

Dorsal: Whitish with dark brown to yellow brown pigmentation median longitudinal whitish line, some specimens with transverse line also forming cross

Some papillae with white spot

Ventral: white

CE- Horseshoe shape, 30–50 eyespots

PE- four dorsal(20–25) and two ventral clusters (65–70)

rocky and reef-flat areas Santa Rita and Búzios, Brazil

Differ in eye spots arrangement with Palombi, 1928;

Considered the presence of complex female antrum as intraspecific variation;

Emphasis on the revision of species considering the varied colour pattern and its cosmopolitan occurrence

Noreña et al. 2014

oval, oblong

Papillae: acorn-like

Colour photo reference is also available

Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula

Bahia et al. 2014

Papillae: size decrease towards margin

Size: 25 × 19 mm to 7 × 6 mm

Dorsal: brown to yellowish brown with longitudinal median line cream coloured, cream transversal line, some papillae with white spots

-

Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil

-