Table 1 Summary of observed anomalies in the genus Gymnura. Realm as defined by Spalding et al. (2007)
From: Morphological and functional abnormality in the spiny butterfly ray Gymnura altavela
Species | Anomaly description | Disc width (cm) | Depth (m) | Sex | Number of cases | Realm | Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gymnura micrura | Dorsal fold on the tail | 17.8–21.7 | 8–25 | - | 2 | Tropical Atlantic | Nunes & Piorski (2009) |
Gymnura poecilura | Unfused anterior part of both pectoral fins to the neurocranium | 15.2 | - | - | 1 | Western Indo-Pacific | Day (1878) |
Gymnura poecilura | Unfused anterior part of both pectoral fins to the neurocranium | 8.9 | - | - | 1 | Western Indo-Pacific | Bennet (1964) |
Gymnura poecilura | Unfused anterior part of both pectoral fins to the neurocranium | 22.5 | 8–18 | Male | 1 | Western Indo-Pacific | Easwaran (1967) |
Gymnura poecilura | Unfused anterior part of the right pectoral fin to the neurocranium | 47.5 | Coastal | Female | 1 | Western Indo-Pacific | Suresh & Raffi (2012) |
Gymnura altavela | Unfused anterior part of the right pectoral fin to the neurocranium | 137 | 8–13 | Female | 1 | Temperate Northern Atlantic | The present study |